Sole-heated coke oven



B. ZWILLINGER, DECD.

K. ZWILLINGER, ADMINISTRATRIX. SOLE HEATED COKE OVEN.

APPLICAI'ION FILED FEB. 24, 1920.

1,428,622, v PatentedSept. 12, 1922..

8 6 SHEETSSHEET I- ATTORNEY SOLE HEATED COKE OVEN.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 24, 1920.

ATTO NEY SOLE HEATED COKE OVEN.

APPLICAIION FILED FEB.24, 1920.

Patented. Sept. 12, 1922.

6 SHEETSSHEET 3.

Fig.3.

B. ZWILLINGER, DECD.

K. ZWILLINGER, ADMINISTRATRIX.

SOLE HEATED COKE OVEN.

APPLICAHON FILED FEB. 24,1920- 1,428,622. Patentsdfiept. 12, 1922..

6 SHEETS SHEET 4. 2e 2e 4 TTOR/VEY B, ZWILLINGER, DECD.

K. ZWILLINGER, ADMINISTRATRlX SOLE HEATED COKE OVEN.

m APPLICAHON FILED FEB. 24, I920. g ggfig PatentedSept 12, 1922.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 5 B. ZWILLINGER, DECD .K. ZWILLINGER, AUMINISTRATRIX.

SOLE HEATED COKE OVEN.

APP iCAHON FILED FEB: 24, I920.

1 ,428,622. Patented Sept. 12, 1922,,

atented fiept. 12, i922.

' nnnn awmamcm, NEW YORK N. Y.; KLARA DECEASED.

SOLE-HEATED COKE OVEN.

Application filed February To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that l, BERNHARD ZWILLIN- can, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing in the city, county, and State of New York, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in SoleHeated Coke Ovens,of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in ovens for making coke, gas andby-products especially adaptablefor ovens of rectangular shape withsealed oven chamber and with sole heating shown and described in-mpending application of March 22, 1919, Serial No. 284,376.

The objects of my invention are to improve the heating means of saidrectangular oven in a very simple and eficient manner, to shorten thetime of carbonization and to include the qualit of the coke.

lln my co-pen ing application I have shown an underfired oven withsealed oven chamber which is heated from both ends by applying the heatto the sole of the ovens only.

While I consider this to be an important advantage, I have found that byproviding the sole-heated oven also with heated side walls heatedfrom'both ends and a recuperator for preheating the air for both theside wall and sole firing flues, the fines of the side walls and of thesole discharging directly into the waste main of the recuperator, I canaccomplish various marked improvements. In the first place by applyingthe heat from both ends and from three sides instead of one, I amenabled to impart a larger quantity of heat to. the mass to be coked ina given time and in a more economical manner. Furthermore thetemperature will be raised to a degree suitable for the production of ametallurgical coke and simultaneously the time required for carbonizingthe charge will be, by the aid of heating the side walls, considerablyshortened. Or,

in other words, a larger tonnage is obtainae. Another object ofintroducing the duplex side wall heating in combination with thesole-fired low-chambered ovens is to eliminate spon "y ends at the sidewalls.

Other 0 jects of my invention are to pre heat the air. for combustion toa higher de- 24, 1920. Serial No. 360,757.

gree and introduce said air for combustion 1n 9. more efiicient mannerin order to obtain a perfect combustion.

Another object of my invention is to construct a gas-tight bottom, whichwill allow alarger transfer of heat, has a greater stabllity and is moreeconomical to construct than hitherto.

Another object is to provide a apparatus and in particular a recuperatorwhich will preheat the air for one-half of both the sole lines and theside flues of the oven.

Another object of my invention is to provide a recuperator forsole-fired ovens havlng their waste mains and air preheating chambersarranged horizontally, the waste main being located beyond and at oneside of the air passageway.

With these and other objects in View the invention consists in certainfeatures described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings andpointed out in the claims, it being understood that various changes inthe form or minor details within the scope of the claims may be resortedto without departing from or sacrificing any of the advantages of theinvention.

In the drawings, Fig. 1 is a vertical section of the oven on line A-A ofFig. 3, passing through a duplex side heating wall.

Fig. 2 is a vertical section on line B-B of Fig. 3.

3 is a cross section on line D-D of 1g.

Fig. 4 is a fragment of the sole with its specially constructed soleplates.

Fig. 5 is a vertical section showing the air once pre-heated and duplexside wall combustion flues.

preheating ZWILLINGER ADMINISTBA- Fig. 6 is a horizontal section on lineCC 1 and Fig. 2 illustrating a vertical section of the duplex combustionflues at one side of the oven. 1 is the air preheating device orrecuperator. with its air heating channels 2, 2 and waste main 3. Thisis constructed as in my co-pending application No. 284,376. 4 is an airconduit leading into air superheating channel 5 whose upper wall (3 liesbelow the. combustion flue 19 of the oven and is provided with a numberof air holes 7. 7. 7 at both ends of the oven. Return gas pipe 8 withits branches 9 and gas nozzles 1() supply the gas to the combustionfines at the bottom and at the side of the oven. Side wall combustionflues 11 and waste gas channels 12 are separated by wall 13 andindividually connected by conduit 14 with the waste main 3. Thus aduplex system of side wall combustion fines is provided. One set isutilized for each half of the oven. All combustion fines are providedwith spy holes (not shown.) By means of regnlatable gas ports 10 andregulatable air conduits 4. the latter regulated by handle 15 connectedby rod 16 to air valve 17, all easily accessible, the heatof eachindividual fluecan be properly controlled. As shown in Fig. 3 horizontalcombustion fines 19, 19 and 20, 20 beneath the sole will heat the chargeplaced upon same. These fines consist of vertical walls 21 and soleplates 18 which will be described in detail later on. It will be noticedthat beneath. each horizontal combustion fine 19, 20 I have located anair superheating chamber 5, and beneath the side combustion fiues 11 Ihave located an air superheating chamber 23 for the purpose of utilizinga considerable part of the heat for superheating the air which otherwisewould be conducted into the foundation or to the pillars 25 placedbetween the ovens, by means of which pillars the tracks 26 are carried.1 have designated the chambers 5 and 23 by the expression superheatingchamber in order to distinguish the two modes of preheating the air.When com ared with the mode of heating shown in Fig. 5 and in mycopending application it is obvious that in the form of the inventionillustrated in Figs. 1 to 3, the air leaving air channels 2 is alreadyin a preheated state because of the heat received from the recuperator,but by impinging on the very hot vertical walls 6 and horizontal wall 6in Fig. 2 it is heated again in the superheating chambers to a farhigher degree before entering through the air holes 7 a and 7 into thecombustion fines 11, 11, 19, 20. The preheating devices 1 in the form ofthe invention illustrated lie between the ends of the ovens and extendtransversely of the ovens.

The air which has been superheated is in troduced into the combustionflues in such manner that the air and gas will impinge on each other atright angles, whereby an intimate mixture is accomplished and improvedcombustion is secured, as can be seen from. Figs. 1 and 2.

The undersolc firing fines consist of two systems for heating the sole.They form a duplex system. In the form illustrated the separating wall13 separates the two flue systems. may be used. Each reeuperator mayserve one-half of both the horizontal and side wall heating fluesystems.

Owing to the fact that the air will reach a. high temperature I preferto use channels made of refractory material as is shown in Figs. 1 and2, instead of metallic conduits for conducting it.

The two combustion flues at each side of the oven 11, 11. being heatedfrom both ends, will greatly assist in maintaining a high heat in ovenchamber 270, and at the same time eliminate spongy ends at the sidewalls. The top of the side combustion flue should always be level withthe charge and its height depends on the physical character'- istics ofthe coal, i. e., in carbonizing a shrinking coal it will be somewhatlower, while with an expanding coal it is higher. By the introduction ofside walls heated from both ends, in combination with duplexsole-heating, a very substantial increase of actual heating surface isobtained.

' Referring now to Figs. 4 and 7, 7 and 7. which illustrate the improvedbottom or sole of the oven, 21 is a wall brick which standing upright isof such shape as to form a T head'27 on top. Otherwise the body is aregular prism with tongues and grooves 27. The T head 27 projects overthe body of the brick 21 partly at one end, while at the other end ofthe body of the brick, it falls short. If the wall bricks 21 are placedlengthwise in such a manner that the projecting end of the T 27 fills upthe space left by the shortened end of the T, the joints between thebodies of the bricks and the joints between the T heads are broken andalso made tight. The joints between the wall bricks 21 are covered bythe T heads and by the sole bricks 18. The sole or floor consists of. anumber of tiles or bricks, all of the same special shape 18. The tile ischaracterized by this feature: that all four sides 29, 30, 31, 32project. The projecting sides 29, 30 which run along lengthwise of theentire vertical wall project into the grooves 28' formed by the T head27 and in this manner make a gas-tight joint. also provided withprojecting ends in an alternating way, i. c., the projecting end of 31of the sole tile is produced by the lower part of the plate, while theprojecting end 32 is formed by the upper part of the sole plate 18. Inthis way the vertical and horizontal' joints running along the lengthand width of the fines are broken.

Two adjacent recuperators' The sole tile 18 is The construction asillustrated and described offers a floor of great stability owing to thefact that the sole plates are firmly held in place by the T-shaped topand as the vertical joints are broken with respect to the horizontaljoints the entire floor is made air and gas-tight.

Moreover, ll make use of only one layer of the sole plates for theconstruction of the floor or sole. The transfer of heat is thereforemore eflicient and the cost of construction more economical than withtwo tiles as shown in my pending application. There is also anotherdisadvantage avoided by the use of a floor constructed by one layer ofsole plates instead of two sole plate la ers, namely, in the event thatone of the p ates of the two sole plate structures is warped or shouldget warped while in use the surfaces not fitting each other closely,might produce a gas-pocket or dead gas films which decrease the heatconductivity.

Referring to Figs. 5 and 6, an oven type is illustrated which is simplerin construction than that shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, inasmuch as thesuperheating chambers underneath the sole and side combustion flues areeliminated. The air being preheated in air channel 2', is led throughpipe 50 and its branch pipes 50 to the end of the oven into the solecombustion fines, 19, 19 and 20, 20 and also into the side combustionflues 11 and ll'located at both ends of the oven. The heating gas issupplied from pipe 8 with its branches 9 and gas nozzles 10, also to thesole combustion flues 20, 20, 19, 19 and side combustion flues 11 and11.

It will be noticed from the arrangement of the gas and air nozzles thatthe air and gas are impinging at each other at right angles to secure anintimate mixture and perfect combustion. The side combustion flues 11,11 and sole flues 19, 20 are individually connected by conduits 12 and14 with the waste main 3. The purpose of connecting .each down-takeindividually with the waste main is to secure a better draft systemthroughout an entire battery of ovens and to avoid congestion of theburned gases at different points in the oven proper as well as in thebattery.

In view of the fact that each individual combustion flue is providedwith means for regulating the quantity of gas and air required, I canattain the aforesaid purpose with desired accuracy. The oven chamber270, in every figure, is sealed so as to avoid admission of air and isclosed by doors 271 at its ends, and is provided with fuel openings 272and a pipe 27 3 for the by-products. The manner in which the oven ischarged and operated, the construction of the sealed oven chamber andthe way in which the necessary air and gas for combustion is providedfor the ovens has been fully described and illustrated in my co-pendingapphcation.

,Fig. 8 represents an underfired oven with a recuperator illustratinganother embodi- '-ment of my invention, which offers certain advantagesover the air preheating device shown in the preceding views. Theadvantages of the recuperator illustrated in Fig. 8 reside principallyin a more eflicient transfer of heat from the waste gases to the air.The air in the recuperator of Figs. 1, 2 and 5 is heated from two sidesonly. In the construction shown in Fig. 8 where the air is surroundedfrom three sides by hot gases, a better utilization of the heat contained in the waste gases is accomplished.

Moreover, the recuperator of Fig. 8 is self contained, the air chambersare built into a structure separate and apart from the Waste. main whichlatter forms a separate structure and has a higher stability. The airchambers 40 and 41 are separated by a vertical wall 42. Air chamber 40is connected with a suitable fan, not shown, the air being driventhrough 40, turning around at the end of the battery and from there oingthrough air chambers 41 and being ischarged by openings 43 into aplurality of superhea-ting air passages 44, one for each combustionflue, where it is again heated to a higher temperature and escapesthrough a number of ports 50 (controlled by slide valve 51) into thecombustion flues 45. The burnt gases leaving flues 45 stream throughvertical waste gas flue 46, then through waste flue 47, which isconnected with waste gas main '48 as indicated by the arrows. The heatedgases are thus lead around the inside wall of the air chambers of therecuperator and underneath them. The waste main is located at the otherside of the air chambers and the top of the air chambers carries thesuperheating passageways. The air is thus thoroughly preheated. Thevertical division wall 49 separates the two recuperators. The waste main48 of each recuperator is located beyond and at one side of the airpassageways 40, 41 looking from the middle toward the ends of the oven.The air for the duplex side flues is preheated the flues being connectedto the recuperator of Fig. 8 as illustrated in Figs. 9 and 10.

The air for the duplex side vertical flues 110 is preheated by soleflues 111. Vertical channels 112 descend from the side flues 110 to thereturn waste channels on their way to the waste main 48 of therecuperator. The duplex side flues are supplied with gas by pipes 113and with preheated air from air chamber 41 through channels 114 to oneend of horizontal flue 111 extending under the combustion flue 110 andentering the combustion flue through ports 115 at the end remote fromthe discharge end of the flue.

I desire to have it distinctly understood that while in my presentapplication and also in my previous application Serial No. 284,376,still pending, I have shown a means of preheating the air by the use ofa recuperator, I do not confine myself to the use of an air preheatingdevice of this type solely but I can also combine the rectangular ovenwith a checker-work preheater or regenerator if I so prefer. The methodof carbonizing the charge, of supplying the heat and of preheating theair disclosed in my present and in my co-pending application will bemade the subject of a separate patent application.

Having described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secureby Letters Patent is:

1. In a sole-fired coke oven with by-prod uct recovery having a sealedoven chamber, a plurality of separate and independent combustion flueslocated beneath the sole, air and gas ports located at or near each endof the oven for supplying gas and an to said flues in combination withduplex side combustion flues located at both sides of the oven with asand air ports at or near each end of said side fiues, thereby effectingthe carbonization of the charge from three sides of the coking chamber.

2. In a sole-fired coke oven with by-product recovery a sealed ovenchamber, a plurality of parallel, adjacent separate and independentstraight combustion fiues located beneath the sole, independent duplexside combustion flues located at both sides of the coking chamber,channels connecting each combustion flue with a waste main or mains,whereby each flue discharges its products of combustion by a direct pathinto said waste main or mains and gas and air ports at or near each endof the combustion flues, thereby effecting the carbonization of thecharge from three sides of the coking chamber.

3. In a sole-fired oven with sealed oven chamber the combination ofduplex sole flue systems with duplex side flue systems located onopposite sides of the oven, being provided with gas and air ports at'ornear opposite ends of both the sole and side flue systems for supplyingheat to said flues, a preheating device including a waste main locatedunderneath the combustion flues, said device serving the members of boththe sole and side flue systems and channels for connecting said halvesof the side and sole flue systems with the waste main of the preheatingdevice.

4:. In a sole-fired oven with sealed oven chamber, the combination ofduplex sole flue systems with duplex side flue systems located onopposite sides of the oven, said flues being provided with gas and airports at or near opposite ends of both the sole and side flue systemsfor supplying heat to said flues, a pair of recuperators, each includinga waste main, located underneath the combustion flues, said pair ofrecuperators serving the members of both the sole and side flue systemsand channels for connecting said halves of the side and sole fluesystems with the corresponding waste main of the recuperators.

5. In a sole-fired coke oven with sealed oven chamber heated from belowand from both sides of the coking chamber a plurality of separate andindependent combustion flues forming a duplex system running beneath theoven sole and running along the side walls of the coking chamber, atransverse division wall for separating the sole flues into two systemsand means at both ends of the oven for introducing gas and air to theflues.

6. In a sole fired oven having an oven chamber provided with a pusherand a discharge end, said oven chambersealed against the admission ofair and having a sole constructed to receive the charge in a horizontallayer, two systems of sole and two systems of side combustion fines forcarbonizin the charge, means for introducing gas an air to the fluesfrom both ends of the oven, and means for preheating the air.

7. In a sole-fired coke oven with by-product recovery having a sealedoven chamber, a set of sole and side combustion fines for carbonizingthe charge, a air of recuperators for preheating the air runningcrosswise of the oven battery and located underneath the combustionflues and horizontal flues located beneath the oven sole and extendinglengthwise of the oven chambers for again preheating it to a higherdegree, and means for introducinggas and air to the fines from both endsof the oven.

8. In a sole-fired coke oven with by-prod; uct recovery having a sealedoven chamber and constructed to receive the charge in a horizontallayer, a duplex system of fiues beneath the sole and a duplex system offines at the side of the oven so as to carbonize the charge from beneaththe sole and from both sides of the coking chamber, and gas and airports at or near both ends of the oven, said ports arranged so that thegas and air impinge on each otherat substantially right angles.

9. In a sole-fired by-product coke oven with sealed oven chamber a solefor the oven chamber consisting of one layer of tiles, said tile on eachof its four sides being provided with tongues, a vertical brick forsupporting said sole, said brick being provided with a T shaped top, theT shaped top providing grooves into which the tongues fit, therebymaking a gas-tight fioor as described.

10. In a sole-fired by-product coke oven with sealed oven chamber a solefor the oven chamber consisting of one layer of tiles, said neaaeaa tileon each of its four sides being provided with tongues, vertical bricksfor supporting said sole, said bricks being provided with T shaped topsprojecting at one end of their base, said tops being shortened at theopposite ends, the T shaped tops providing grooves into which thetongues fit, thereby breaking the vertical and horizontal jointslengthwise and across the width of the tiles makin a gastight floor asdescribed.

11. In a sole-fired by-product coke oven, a sealed oven chamber, twosystems of sep arate and independent combustion flues located beneaththe sole, two systems of side combustion flues located at each side ofthe oven, with gas and air ports at or near each end of the oven forsupplying air and gas to the fines and thereby effecting thecarbonization of the charge from three sides, a pair of recuperatorsbeneath the oven, each recuperator including a waste main and an airpassageway, said waste main located beyond and at one side of the airpassageway, and channels for each recuperator for leading the wastegases from the combustion flues along the other side of and underneaththe air passageway to the waste main.

12. In an underfired by-product coke oven a sealed oven chamber, twosystems of separate and independent combustion fiues located beneath thesole, two systems of side combustion fines located at each side of theoven, with gas and air ports at or near each end of the oven forsupplying air and gas to the fiues and thereby effecting thecarbonization of the charge from three sides, a pair of recuperatorsbeneath the oven, each recuperator including a waste main and an airpassageway, said waste main located beyond and at one side of the airpassageway, a superheating air passage for each flue system receivingthe air from the said air, passageway' and extending under thecombustion fines and channels for each recuperator for leading the wastegases from the combustion fiues along the other side of the airpassageway and underneath it to the waste main.

13. In an underfired by-product coke oven a sealed oven chamber, twosystems of separate and independent combustion fines located beneath thesole, one system for each half of the oven, with air and gas ports at ornear each end of the oven for supplying air and gas to the fiues, a pairof recuperators beneath the oven and extending crosswise of the ovenbattery, each recuperator including a waste main and an air assageway,said waste main located beyond and at one side of the air passageway,and one or more channels for each recuperator for leading the wastegases from the combustion flues along the other side of and underneaththe air passageway to the waste main.

let. In an underfired by-product coke oven a sealed oven chamber, twosystems of separate and independent combustion flues located beneath thesole, one system for each half of the oven, with air and gas nozzles ator near each end of the oven for supplying air and gas to the flues apair of recuperators beneath the oven and extending crosswise of theoven battery, said recuperators being adacent to each other andseparated by a ver* tioal division wall, each recuperator includmg awaste main and one or more air passageways, the waste main being locatedbeyond and at one side of the air passageways, a plurality ofsuperheating air passages, one from each combustion flue, receivmg theair from the said air passageways and extending under the combustionfines and channels for each recuperator for leading the waste gases fromthe combustion fiues along; the other side of the air passageways anunderneath them to the waste main. 1

15. In a horizontal underfired coke oven with by-product recovery asealed oven chamber, two systems of separate and independenthorizontally arranged, parallel straight combustion flues locatedbeneath the sole, gas and air ports at or near each end of the oven forsupplying air and gas to the fines, a pair of recuperators beneath theoven, one recuperator for each half of the oven, said recuperatorsextending crosswise of the oven battery and each recuperator including awaste main and an air passageway, the waste main being located beyondand at one side of the air passageway, a plurality of channels for eachrecuperator, said channels being separate and independent from eachother, there being one channel for each combustion flue and each channelhaving a vertical and horizontal portion arranged to lead the wastegases from the combustion lines around the inner side of and underneaththe air passageway and discharging into the waste main and a pluralityof separate and independent superheating air pas sageways one arrangedunder each combus tion flue and extending lengthwise thereof, each ofsaid superheating passageways receiving the heated air from the airpassage. way of the recuperator and dischargin it through the air portsat the front of the combustion fine.

16. In a horizontal underfired coke oven with by-product recovery asealed oven chamber, two systems of separate and independenthorizontally arranged, parallel straight combustion flues locatedbeneath the sole, gas and air ports at or near each end of the oven forsupplying air and gas to the fines, a pair of recuperators beneath theoven, one recuperator for each half of the oven, said recuperatorsextending crosswise of the oven battery and each recuperator ineluding awaste main and an air passageway,

the waste main being located beyond and at one side of the airpassageway, a plurality of channels for each recuperator, said channelsbeing separate and independent from each other, there being one channelfor each com bustion flue and each channel havin a vertical andhorizontal portion arrange to lead the waste gases from the combustionflues around the inner side of and underneath the air passageway anddischarging into the waste main and a plurality of straight separate andindependent superheating air ssageways one arranged under each comustion flue and extending the entire length thereof, each of saidsuperheating passa eways having a portion extending above t e airpassageway and receiving the heated air from the air passageway of therecuperator and discharging it through the air ports at the front of thecombustion flue.

17. In a sole fired by-product coke oven provided with doors at itsopposite ends for sealing the oven chamber, said oven chamber beingheated from below and from both sides, the sole of the oven chamber beinadapted to receive the charge to be coke in a horizontal layer, thecombination 0 two systems of fiues for the sole of the oven and twosystems of flues for the side of the oven, transverse separating meansfor separating the two systems of flues, means for introducing gas andair to the fines from both ends of the oven and means for preceatin theair.

18. n a sole fired coke oven provided with doors at its opposite endsfor sealing the oven chamber, said oven chamber eing heated from belowand from both sides, the sole of the oven chamber bein adapted toreceive the charge to be coke in a hori zontal layer, the combination oftwo systems of fiues for the sole of the oven and two systems of linesfor the side of the oven, transverse separating means for separating thetwo systems of flues, means for preheating the air, and means fordischaging the waste combustion gases from the said flues below the ovensole.

19. In a sole fired coke oven provided with doors at its opposite endsfor sealing the oven chamber, said oven chamber being heated from belowand from both sides, the sole of the oven chamber being adapted toreceive the charge to be coked, in a horizontal layer, the combinationof two systems of fines for the sole of the oven and two systems offlues for the side of the oven, transverse separating means locatedmidway between the oven ends for separating the two systems of fines,gas and air ports for the inlet end of each flue, means for preheatingthe air, means for discharging the waste combustion gases from saidfiues respectively on opposite sides of the said transverse se aratinmeans and below the oven sole, at the mid e of the oven.

20. In a sole fired coke even, a sealed oven chamber, two systems ofseparate and independent combustion fines located beneath the sole, atransverse division wall, midway of the oven, for separating the twosystems, and two sets of as and air ports, each set adjacent to an en ofthe oven, for supplym gas and air to the dues.

21. A istillation oven comprising an oven chamber, open at both ends,said ends provided with doors for sealing the oven chamber against theadmission of air, said oven chamber being also provided with a soleconstructed to receive the charge in a horizontal layer, a plurality oflines underneath the sole of the oven for heating it, a transversedividing means for separating the dues into two systems, and meansadjacent the inlet ends of the flues and at both ends of the oven, forsupplying gas and air to the fiues.

22. A distillation oven comprising an oven chamber, open at both ends,said endsprovided with doors for sealing the oven chamber a ainst theadmission of air, said oven cham er being also provided with a soleconstructed to receive the charge in a horizontal layer, a plurality offiues underneath the sole of the oven for heating it, a transversedividing means for separating the lines into two systems, means adjacentthe inlet ends of the flues and at both ends of the oven, for sup lyinggas to the fines and a plurality of orizontal air flues for preheatingthe air, said air fiues extendin parallel and adjacent to the sole finesan supplying heated air to the inlet ends thereof.

23. A distillation oven comprising an oven chamber, open at both ends,said ends provided with doors for sealing the oven chamber a ainst theadmission of air, said even cham er being also provided with a soleconstructed to receive the charge in a horizontal layer, a plurality offines underneath the sole of the oven for heating it, a trans versedividing means for separating the flues into two systems, means adjacentthe inlet ends of the fines and at both ends of the oven, for supplyingas to the fiues, a plurality of horizonta air flues for preheating theair and means extending transversely of the oven sole for separatin saidair flues into two systems, said air ues extending parallel and adjacentto the sole fines and supplying heated air to the inlet ends thereof.

24. A. distillation oven comprising an oven chamber, open at both ends,said ends provided with doors for sealing the oven chamber a ainst theadmission of air, said oven cham er being also provided with a soleconstructed to receive the charge in a horizontal layer, a plurality offiues underneath Ill for heating it, a trans- 25. A sole fired coke ovenwith by-product recovery having a sealed oven chamber and provided witha duplex side combustion flue.

In testimony'whereof, I have signed my 15 name to this specification, inthe presence of two subscribing witnesses.

BERNHARD ZWILLINGER.

Witnesses:

WM. F. BIssING, J. RENITZ.

